This is the lowest version of Android that you want your app to support. The lower you make this number, the broader your potential audience will be. Keep in mind that there is a relatively low adoption rate for the latest versions of Android, so sticking with the latest update will prevent a lot of users from trying your creation.
However, you will only be able to access the latest features of Android if you target a more recent version. I remember the first time I tried Android app development. I loaded up Android Studio and was immediately baffled by what I saw. There are just so many different files, multiple types of code, folders, and more! This was worlds away from the single blank file I was used to working with in Python or even QBasic anyone remember QBasic??
The file that is open is MainActivity. This is the main logic file for the activity that is going to define how your app behaves. The folders used are important for Android app development, as they help Android Studio and Gradle to find everything and build it correctly more on Gradle in a moment. The role of this code is to tell Android where the associated layout file is.
This defines the way that an activity looks, and lets you add things like buttons, text, and browser windows. Double click on this file and it will open in the main window where you edit your code. Notice that you can switch between the open files using tabs along the top. There are buttons to switch mode in the top right. In the design view, you can actually drag and drop different widgets onto the screen. The code view shows you a load of XML script.
When you add new widgets via the Design view, this script will update. This is a bit of a headache, but it actually simplifies the process in the long run. Or read this guide for more about the different views and what they each do. But some things that are useful to know about:. That includes the orientation of the app, the activities that you want to be included in it, the version, etc. Android Development is rather different though and involves lots of different files and resources that need to be structured in a specific way.
Android Studio exposes that fact, making it hard to know where to start! By default, this is MainActivity. Java but you may have changed that when you first set up the project. However, the actual layout of your app is handled in another piece of code entirely.
Just to make things a little more complicated though, you can actually use any XML file to define the layout of any Java script called a class.
This is set right at the top of your Java code, with the line:. This also means that you could theoretically use the same XML file to set layouts for two different Java classes. Your Java files are housed under java and then the package name of your app. Double click on MainActivity. Java assuming you are using Java and it will come to the fore in the window on the right.
When you are editing XML files, you might notice two tabs down the bottom. In the Text view, you can make changes to the XML code directly by adding and editing lines. Everything in the resources folder needs to be lower case, which is why underscore is used a lot to separate file names into readable titles in the absence of camel case.
This contains more XML files that hold the values of variables — things like app names and color values. The AndroidManifest. You can create additional Java classes, XML files or entire activities at any point in order to add more functionality to your app.
This is handy if you want to edit an image for example. Android Studio tries to keep things nice and simple for users by providing all of the necessary tools and features in one place. Things only get more complicated once you need to interact with some of these other elements. Laws concerning the use of this software vary from country to country. We do not encourage or condone the use of this program if it is in violation of these laws. In Softonic we scan all the files hosted on our platform to assess and avoid any potential harm for your device.
Our team performs checks each time a new file is uploaded and periodically reviews files to confirm or update their status. This comprehensive process allows us to set a status for any downloadable file as follows:.
We have scanned the file and URLs associated with this software program in more than 50 of the world's leading antivirus services; no possible threat has been detected. Based on our scan system, we have determined that these flags are possibly false positives. It means a benign program is wrongfully flagged as malicious due to an overly broad detection signature or algorithm used in an antivirus program.
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Aptoide 9. Tekken 3 Walkthrough 1. When you are ready to create your own key and keystore, make sure you first choose a strong password for your keystore and a separate strong password for each private key stored in the keystore. You must keep your keystore in a safe and secure place. If you lose access to your app signing key or your key is compromised, Google cannot retrieve the app signing key for you, and you will not be able to release new versions of your app to users as updates to the original app.
For more information, see Secure your key , below. If you manage your own app signing key and keystore, when you sign your APK, you will sign it locally using your app signing key and upload the signed APK directly to the Google Play Store for distribution as shown in figure Signing an app when you manage your own app signing key. When you use Play App Signing , Google keeps your signing key safe, and ensures your apps are correctly signed and able to receive updates throughout their lifespans.
However, if you decide to manage your app signing key yourself, there are a few considerations you should keep in mind. You should sign your app with the same certificate throughout its expected lifespan. There are several reasons why you should do so:.
If you plan to support upgrades for an app, ensure that your app signing key has a validity period that exceeds the expected lifespan of that app. A validity period of 25 years or more is recommended. When your key's validity period expires, users will no longer be able to seamlessly upgrade to new versions of your app.
If you plan to publish your apps on Google Play, the key you use to sign your app must have a validity period ending after 22 October Google Play enforces this requirement to ensure that users can seamlessly upgrade apps when new versions are available. If you choose to manage and secure your app signing key and keystore yourself instead of opting in to Play App Signing , securing your app signing key is of critical importance, both to you and to the user.
If you allow someone to use your key, or if you leave your keystore and passwords in an unsecured location such that a third-party could find and use them, your authoring identity and the trust of the user are compromised. If a third party should manage to take your app signing key without your knowledge or permission, that person could sign and distribute apps that maliciously replace your authentic apps or corrupt them.
Such a person could also sign and distribute apps under your identity that attack other apps or the system itself, or corrupt or steal user data. Your private key is required for signing all future versions of your app. If you lose or misplace your key, you will not be able to publish updates to your existing app. You cannot regenerate a previously generated key. Your reputation as a developer entity depends on your securing your app signing key properly, at all times, until the key is expired.
Here are some tips for keeping your key secure:. In general, if you follow common-sense precautions when generating, using, and storing your key, it will remain secure. When you create a signing configuration, Android Studio adds your signing information in plain text to the module's build.
If you are working with a team or open-sourcing your code, you should move this sensitive information out of the build files so it is not easily accessible to others. To do this, you should create a separate properties file to store secure information and refer to that file in your build files as follows:. Note: You could choose to store your keystore.
In that case, you should modify the code above to correctly initialize keystorePropertiesFile using your actual keystore. Because your build files no longer contain sensitive information, you can now include them in source control or upload them to a shared codebase. Be sure to keep the keystore. This may include removing it from your source control system.
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